{ "title": "Heat Pump vs Gas Furnace Economics by State — 2026", "publisher": "Payback Math", "url": "https://paybackmath.com/research/heat-pump-vs-gas-by-state", "modelVersion": "2026.08.6", "dataUpdated": "2026-08-21", "generated": "2026-09-05", "license": "Derived Payback Math values may be reused with attribution. Underlying EIA and NOAA source data are US federal government works and are not redistributed here in raw form.", "baseline": { "comparison": "Air-source heat pump vs new 92% AFUE natural gas furnace", "homeSqft": 2000, "heatLossPerSqftBtuPerHrPerF": 0.25, "afue": 0.92, "installPremiumUsd": 4000, "installPremiumMeaning": "Incremental cost of a heat pump over replacing a gas furnace plus air conditioner. NOT the full installed price of a heat pump.", "horizonYears": 15, "paybackDefinition": "Simple undiscounted payback: install premium divided by first-year operating saving. A null payback means no payback under this static baseline (prices flat in real terms, no incentives), not that payback is impossible under any conditions.", "denominatorPolicy": "All heating comparisons are stated out of the jurisdictions with modelled heating demand. Jurisdictions below the heating threshold are reported as N/A and excluded from every denominator.", "incentivesIncluded": false, "taxCreditsIncluded": false, "energyPriceEscalation": "none — prices held flat in real terms", "maintenanceDifference": "not modelled", "financingCost": "not modelled", "copFormula": "seasonalCOP(HDD) = min(max(3.8 - HDD/5000, 1.8), 3.6)", "kwhPerTherm": 29.308323563892145 }, "headline": { "covered": 51, "total": 50, "heatingJurisdictions": 50, "notApplicable": [ "Hawaii" ], "notApplicableCount": 1, "negligibleHeating": [ "Hawaii" ], "cheaperToRun": 17, "moreExpensiveToRun": 33, "recoverWithinHorizon": 2, "recoverStates": [ { "state": "Arkansas", "years": 12.45 }, { "state": "Georgia", "years": 14.67 } ], "noOperatingSaving": 33, "positiveButSlow": 15, "doNotRecoverWithinHorizon": 48, "medianAnnualDifference": -336, "best": { "state": "Arkansas", "slug": "arkansas", "hdd": 3523, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.28, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.856, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 6.333, "cop": 3.095, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 532, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 853, "annualDifference": 321, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 12.45, "recoversWithinHorizon": true, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 21.31, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.157, "priceRatio": 2.097, "switchRatio": 3.365, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1645, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium recovered within horizon", "rank": 1 }, "worst": { "state": "Alaska", "slug": "alaska", "hdd": 11003, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 26.68, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.25, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.265, "cop": 1.8, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 5736, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1794, "annualDifference": -3942, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 8.34, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.997, "priceRatio": 6.256, "switchRatio": 1.957, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 10325, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 51 } }, "switchingIdentity": { "statement": "A heat pump is cheaper to run than a gas furnace exactly when (electricity price per kWh) / (gas price per kWh-equivalent) < COP / AFUE.", "derivation": "Q/COP x Pe < Q/AFUE x Pg => Pe/Pg < COP/AFUE. Delivered heat Q, floor area, heat-loss coefficient and degree days all cancel.", "jurisdictionsTested": 50, "mismatches": [], "exact": true, "switchRatioMin": 1.957, "switchRatioMax": 3.913, "switchRatioMedian": 2.9475 }, "flatThresholdTest": [ { "threshold": 2.8, "falsePositives": 0, "falseNegatives": 7, "errors": 7, "misclassified": [ "Alabama", "Mississippi", "South Carolina", "Oklahoma", "Virginia", "Kentucky", "Nevada" ] }, { "threshold": 2.9, "falsePositives": 0, "falseNegatives": 4, "errors": 4, "misclassified": [ "South Carolina", "Virginia", "Kentucky", "Nevada" ] }, { "threshold": 3, "falsePositives": 0, "falseNegatives": 3, "errors": 3, "misclassified": [ "Virginia", "Kentucky", "Nevada" ] }, { "threshold": 3.1, "falsePositives": 1, "falseNegatives": 1, "errors": 2, "misclassified": [ "Kansas", "Nevada" ] }, { "threshold": 3.2, "falsePositives": 1, "falseNegatives": 1, "errors": 2, "misclassified": [ "Kansas", "Nevada" ] }, { "threshold": 3.3, "falsePositives": 1, "falseNegatives": 0, "errors": 1, "misclassified": [ "Kansas" ] } ], "ratioOverlap": { "winnerRatioMin": 1.841, "winnerRatioMax": 3.248, "loserRatioMin": 3.089, "loserRatioMax": 6.256 }, "mou": { "name": "Multi-state MOU: Accelerating the Transition to Zero-Emission Residential Buildings", "coordinator": "NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management)", "initiated": "February 2024", "url": "https://www.nescaum.org/documents/Residential-Buildings-Multistate-MOU.pdf", "target": "Heat pumps to reach at least 65% of residential-scale heating, air conditioning and water heating sales by 2030, and 90% by 2040, across participating states", "founding2024": [ "california", "colorado", "maine", "maryland", "massachusetts", "new-jersey", "new-york", "oregon", "rhode-island" ], "joinedLater": [ { "slug": "district-of-columbia", "when": "later in 2024" }, { "slug": "washington", "when": "September 2025" } ], "sources": [ { "label": "NESCAUM press release, 7 February 2024", "url": "https://www.nescaum.org/documents/2.7.24-nescaum-mou-press-release.pdf" }, { "label": "NESCAUM press release, 16 September 2025 (Washington joins)", "url": "https://www.nescaum.org/documents/9.16.25-ZE-Residential-Buildings-Press-Release.pdf" } ], "slugs": [ "california", "colorado", "maine", "maryland", "massachusetts", "new-jersey", "new-york", "oregon", "rhode-island", "district-of-columbia", "washington" ], "analysis": { "total": 11, "founding": 9, "matched": true, "cheaper": 2, "moreExpensive": 9, "cheaperNames": [ "Oregon", "Washington" ] } }, "columns": [ "rank", "state", "state_slug", "heat_pump_annual_cost_usd", "gas_furnace_annual_cost_usd", "annual_difference_usd", "payback_years", "recovers_within_15y", "verdict", "electricity_cents_per_kwh", "gas_dollars_per_therm", "gas_cents_per_kwh_equivalent", "hdd_base_65f", "cop", "afue", "install_premium_usd", "break_even_electricity_cents_per_kwh", "price_ratio", "switch_ratio_cop_over_afue", "model_version" ], "rows": [ { "state": "Arkansas", "slug": "arkansas", "hdd": 3523, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.28, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.856, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 6.333, "cop": 3.095, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 532, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 853, "annualDifference": 321, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 12.45, "recoversWithinHorizon": true, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 21.31, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.157, "priceRatio": 2.097, "switchRatio": 3.365, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1645, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium recovered within horizon", "rank": 1 }, { "state": "Georgia", "slug": "georgia", "hdd": 2897, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 14.9, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.969, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 6.718, "cop": 3.221, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 471, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 744, "annualDifference": 273, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 14.67, "recoversWithinHorizon": true, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 23.52, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.247, "priceRatio": 2.218, "switchRatio": 3.501, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1518, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium recovered within horizon", "rank": 2 }, { "state": "Washington", "slug": "washington", "hdd": 5419, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 14.27, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.699, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.797, "cop": 2.716, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1001, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1201, "annualDifference": 200, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 20.04, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 17.11, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.417, "priceRatio": 2.462, "switchRatio": 2.952, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2720, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 3 }, { "state": "Arizona", "slug": "arizona", "hdd": 2169, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 15.55, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.792, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 6.114, "cop": 3.366, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 352, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 507, "annualDifference": 155, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 25.87, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 22.37, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.246, "priceRatio": 2.543, "switchRatio": 3.659, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1186, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 4 }, { "state": "Texas", "slug": "texas", "hdd": 2007, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 16.15, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.873, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 6.391, "cop": 3.399, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 335, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 490, "annualDifference": 155, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 25.82, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 23.61, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.281, "priceRatio": 2.527, "switchRatio": 3.694, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1140, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 5 }, { "state": "Louisiana", "slug": "louisiana", "hdd": 1793, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.52, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.676, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.719, "cop": 3.441, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 248, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 392, "annualDifference": 144, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 27.73, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 21.39, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.059, "priceRatio": 2.364, "switchRatio": 3.741, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 853, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 6 }, { "state": "North Carolina", "slug": "north-carolina", "hdd": 3541, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 14.93, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.583, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.401, "cop": 3.092, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 601, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 731, "annualDifference": 130, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 30.83, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 18.15, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.302, "priceRatio": 2.764, "switchRatio": 3.361, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1859, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 7 }, { "state": "Missouri", "slug": "missouri", "hdd": 5238, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 12.83, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.441, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.917, "cop": 2.752, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 859, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 985, "annualDifference": 126, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 31.8, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 14.71, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.257, "priceRatio": 2.609, "switchRatio": 2.992, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2364, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 8 }, { "state": "Florida", "slug": "florida", "hdd": 698, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 15.43, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 2.457, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 8.383, "cop": 3.6, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 105, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 224, "annualDifference": 118, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 33.76, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 32.8, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.156, "priceRatio": 1.841, "switchRatio": 3.913, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 379, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 9 }, { "state": "Alabama", "slug": "alabama", "hdd": 2853, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 16.62, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.693, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.777, "cop": 3.229, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 516, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 630, "annualDifference": 114, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 35.2, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 20.28, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.388, "priceRatio": 2.877, "switchRatio": 3.51, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1668, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 10 }, { "state": "Mississippi", "slug": "mississippi", "hdd": 2576, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 15.47, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.605, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.476, "cop": 3.285, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 427, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 539, "annualDifference": 113, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 35.52, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 19.55, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.27, "priceRatio": 2.825, "switchRatio": 3.57, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1402, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 11 }, { "state": "South Carolina", "slug": "south-carolina", "hdd": 2810, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 16.16, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.631, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.565, "cop": 3.238, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 493, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 598, "annualDifference": 105, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 38.25, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 19.59, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.346, "priceRatio": 2.904, "switchRatio": 3.52, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1597, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 12 }, { "state": "Oregon", "slug": "oregon", "hdd": 5059, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 15.14, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.611, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.497, "cop": 2.788, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 966, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1063, "annualDifference": 97, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 41.27, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 16.66, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.464, "priceRatio": 2.754, "switchRatio": 3.031, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2694, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 13 }, { "state": "Oklahoma", "slug": "oklahoma", "hdd": 3769, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.1, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.349, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.603, "cop": 3.046, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 570, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 663, "annualDifference": 93, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 42.95, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 15.24, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.16, "priceRatio": 2.846, "switchRatio": 3.311, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1736, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 14 }, { "state": "Virginia", "slug": "virginia", "hdd": 4498, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 16.58, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.619, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.524, "cop": 2.9, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 904, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 950, "annualDifference": 46, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 87.82, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 17.42, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.541, "priceRatio": 3.001, "switchRatio": 3.153, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2623, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 15 }, { "state": "Kentucky", "slug": "kentucky", "hdd": 4636, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 14.39, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.372, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.681, "cop": 2.873, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 817, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 830, "annualDifference": 13, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 309.44, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 14.62, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.351, "priceRatio": 3.074, "switchRatio": 3.123, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2346, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 16 }, { "state": "Nevada", "slug": "nevada", "hdd": 3798, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 14.04, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.267, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.323, "cop": 3.04, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 617, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 628, "annualDifference": 11, "heatPumpCheaper": true, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": 369.22, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 14.29, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.245, "priceRatio": 3.248, "switchRatio": 3.305, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1875, "verdict": "Cheaper to run; premium not recovered within horizon", "rank": 17 }, { "state": "Hawaii", "slug": "hawaii", "hdd": 0, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 44.61, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 5.051, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 17.234, "cop": 3.6, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 0, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 0, "annualDifference": 0, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 0, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 0, "priceRatio": 2.588, "switchRatio": 3.913, "heatingNegligible": true, "resistanceAnnualCost": 0, "verdict": "No meaningful heating season", "rank": 18 }, { "state": "Kansas", "slug": "kansas", "hdd": 5137, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 15.05, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.428, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.872, "cop": 2.773, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 981, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 957, "annualDifference": -24, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 14.68, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.464, "priceRatio": 3.089, "switchRatio": 3.014, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2719, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 19 }, { "state": "Tennessee", "slug": "tennessee", "hdd": 4019, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.87, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.142, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.897, "cop": 2.996, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 654, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 599, "annualDifference": -56, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 12.69, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.248, "priceRatio": 3.56, "switchRatio": 3.257, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 1960, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 20 }, { "state": "Delaware", "slug": "delaware", "hdd": 4763, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 17.45, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.54, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.254, "cop": 2.847, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1027, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 957, "annualDifference": -70, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 16.26, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.652, "priceRatio": 3.321, "switchRatio": 3.095, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2923, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 21 }, { "state": "West Virginia", "slug": "west-virginia", "hdd": 5305, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 15.41, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.331, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.541, "cop": 2.739, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1050, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 921, "annualDifference": -129, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 13.52, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.517, "priceRatio": 3.393, "switchRatio": 2.977, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2875, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 22 }, { "state": "California", "slug": "california", "hdd": 2614, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 32.83, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 2.122, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 7.24, "cop": 3.277, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 921, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 724, "annualDifference": -197, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 25.79, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.701, "priceRatio": 4.534, "switchRatio": 3.562, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3018, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 23 }, { "state": "Nebraska", "slug": "nebraska", "hdd": 6536, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 12.59, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.099, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.75, "cop": 2.493, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1161, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 937, "annualDifference": -224, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 10.16, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.362, "priceRatio": 3.358, "switchRatio": 2.71, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2894, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 24 }, { "state": "New Mexico", "slug": "new-mexico", "hdd": 4841, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 14.75, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 0.948, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.235, "cop": 2.832, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 887, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 599, "annualDifference": -288, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 9.96, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.404, "priceRatio": 4.56, "switchRatio": 3.078, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 2511, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 25 }, { "state": "Maryland", "slug": "maryland", "hdd": 4871, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 21.16, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.556, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.309, "cop": 2.826, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1283, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 989, "annualDifference": -294, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 16.31, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.019, "priceRatio": 3.986, "switchRatio": 3.072, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3625, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 26 }, { "state": "Utah", "slug": "utah", "hdd": 6575, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.12, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 0.983, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.354, "cop": 2.485, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1221, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 843, "annualDifference": -378, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 9.06, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.424, "priceRatio": 3.912, "switchRatio": 2.701, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3034, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 27 }, { "state": "Iowa", "slug": "iowa", "hdd": 7074, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.31, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.023, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.49, "cop": 2.385, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1388, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 944, "annualDifference": -444, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 9.05, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.505, "priceRatio": 3.813, "switchRatio": 2.593, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3311, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 28 }, { "state": "Ohio", "slug": "ohio", "hdd": 5983, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 18.4, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.336, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.558, "cop": 2.603, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1487, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1043, "annualDifference": -445, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 12.9, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.906, "priceRatio": 4.036, "switchRatio": 2.83, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3872, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 29 }, { "state": "District of Columbia", "slug": "district-of-columbia", "hdd": 4871, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 24.57, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.608, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.486, "cop": 2.826, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1490, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1022, "annualDifference": -468, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 16.85, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.344, "priceRatio": 4.478, "switchRatio": 3.072, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 4209, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 30 }, { "state": "Indiana", "slug": "indiana", "hdd": 5911, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 17.03, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.108, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.78, "cop": 2.618, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1352, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 854, "annualDifference": -498, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 10.76, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.754, "priceRatio": 4.505, "switchRatio": 2.845, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3540, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 31 }, { "state": "Pennsylvania", "slug": "pennsylvania", "hdd": 5919, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 20.75, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.45, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.947, "cop": 2.616, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1651, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1119, "annualDifference": -532, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 14.07, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.139, "priceRatio": 4.194, "switchRatio": 2.844, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 4320, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 32 }, { "state": "Idaho", "slug": "idaho", "hdd": 6841, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 12.52, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 0.742, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 2.532, "cop": 2.432, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1239, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 662, "annualDifference": -577, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 6.69, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.388, "priceRatio": 4.945, "switchRatio": 2.643, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3012, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 33 }, { "state": "Wyoming", "slug": "wyoming", "hdd": 8212, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.66, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.132, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.862, "cop": 2.158, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1829, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1213, "annualDifference": -616, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 9.06, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.707, "priceRatio": 3.537, "switchRatio": 2.345, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3945, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 34 }, { "state": "New Jersey", "slug": "new-jersey", "hdd": 5463, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 23.28, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.37, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.674, "cop": 2.707, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1652, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 976, "annualDifference": -676, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 13.76, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.319, "priceRatio": 4.98, "switchRatio": 2.943, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 4473, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 35 }, { "state": "Massachusetts", "slug": "massachusetts", "hdd": 6406, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 30.15, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 2.417, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 8.247, "cop": 2.519, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2697, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 2020, "annualDifference": -677, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 22.58, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.228, "priceRatio": 3.656, "switchRatio": 2.738, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 6793, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 36 }, { "state": "Rhode Island", "slug": "rhode-island", "hdd": 5889, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 29.48, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 2.089, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 7.128, "cop": 2.622, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2328, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1605, "annualDifference": -724, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 20.32, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.031, "priceRatio": 4.136, "switchRatio": 2.85, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 6106, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 37 }, { "state": "South Dakota", "slug": "south-dakota", "hdd": 7825, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 14.15, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 0.951, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.245, "cop": 2.235, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1742, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 971, "annualDifference": -772, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 7.88, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.707, "priceRatio": 4.361, "switchRatio": 2.429, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3894, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 38 }, { "state": "Illinois", "slug": "illinois", "hdd": 6368, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 19.06, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.085, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.702, "cop": 2.526, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1690, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 901, "annualDifference": -788, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 10.17, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.034, "priceRatio": 5.149, "switchRatio": 2.746, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 4269, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 39 }, { "state": "Colorado", "slug": "colorado", "hdd": 7347, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 16.53, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.077, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.675, "cop": 2.331, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1833, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1032, "annualDifference": -801, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 9.31, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.912, "priceRatio": 4.498, "switchRatio": 2.533, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 4271, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 40 }, { "state": "Montana", "slug": "montana", "hdd": 8202, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 13.56, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 0.867, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 2.958, "cop": 2.16, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 1811, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 928, "annualDifference": -884, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 6.94, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.693, "priceRatio": 4.584, "switchRatio": 2.347, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3912, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 41 }, { "state": "North Dakota", "slug": "north-dakota", "hdd": 9408, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 11.92, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 0.916, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.125, "cop": 1.918, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2056, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1124, "annualDifference": -932, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 6.52, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 1.675, "priceRatio": 3.814, "switchRatio": 2.085, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 3944, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 42 }, { "state": "New York", "slug": "new-york", "hdd": 6125, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 29.22, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.695, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.783, "cop": 2.575, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2444, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1354, "annualDifference": -1090, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 16.19, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.06, "priceRatio": 5.052, "switchRatio": 2.799, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 6294, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 43 }, { "state": "Minnesota", "slug": "minnesota", "hdd": 8740, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 15.67, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.059, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.613, "cop": 2.052, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2347, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1207, "annualDifference": -1140, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 8.06, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.059, "priceRatio": 4.337, "switchRatio": 2.23, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 4817, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 44 }, { "state": "Michigan", "slug": "michigan", "hdd": 6947, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 20.72, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.053, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.593, "cop": 2.411, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2100, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 954, "annualDifference": -1146, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 9.41, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.318, "priceRatio": 5.767, "switchRatio": 2.62, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 5062, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 45 }, { "state": "Connecticut", "slug": "connecticut", "hdd": 6080, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 29.78, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.623, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.538, "cop": 2.584, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2464, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1287, "annualDifference": -1177, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 15.55, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.107, "priceRatio": 5.378, "switchRatio": 2.809, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 6368, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 46 }, { "state": "Wisconsin", "slug": "wisconsin", "hdd": 7775, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 18.87, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.036, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 3.535, "cop": 2.245, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 2298, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1051, "annualDifference": -1248, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 8.63, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.266, "priceRatio": 5.338, "switchRatio": 2.44, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 5160, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 47 }, { "state": "Vermont", "slug": "vermont", "hdd": 8091, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 23.9, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.736, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 5.923, "cop": 2.182, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 3117, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1832, "annualDifference": -1285, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 14.05, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 2.954, "priceRatio": 4.035, "switchRatio": 2.372, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 6801, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 48 }, { "state": "New Hampshire", "slug": "new-hampshire", "hdd": 7575, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 26.8, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.795, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 6.125, "cop": 2.285, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 3125, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1774, "annualDifference": -1351, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 15.21, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.162, "priceRatio": 4.376, "switchRatio": 2.484, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 7140, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 49 }, { "state": "Maine", "slug": "maine", "hdd": 7973, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 29.68, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.827, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 6.234, "cop": 2.205, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 3774, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1900, "annualDifference": -1874, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 14.94, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.629, "priceRatio": 4.761, "switchRatio": 2.397, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 8323, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 50 }, { "state": "Alaska", "slug": "alaska", "hdd": 11003, "electricityCentsPerKwh": 26.68, "gasDollarsPerTherm": 1.25, "gasCentsPerKwhEquivalent": 4.265, "cop": 1.8, "afue": 0.92, "heatPumpAnnualCost": 5736, "gasFurnaceAnnualCost": 1794, "annualDifference": -3942, "heatPumpCheaper": false, "installPremium": 4000, "paybackYears": null, "recoversWithinHorizon": false, "breakEvenElectricityCents": 8.34, "breakEvenGasDollarsPerTherm": 3.997, "priceRatio": 6.256, "switchRatio": 1.957, "heatingNegligible": false, "resistanceAnnualCost": 10325, "verdict": "More expensive to run", "rank": 51 } ] }